Holden Caulfield Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

When a person hears the phrase, post traumatic stress disorder, most of the time they imagine soldiers returning from war to their families. However, people are not always aware that this disorder occurs in seemingly normal people. In the novel, Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield seems to deal with this disorder. Looking at the surface of the novel, this is unclear. Therefore, this is an inferred trait in the novel. The reader must figure out for themselves that the protagonist retains the disorder. Holden Caulfield suffers from post traumatic stress disorder as he fits the description of symptoms and causes for his issues. Before pursuing Holden’s condition it is important to understand that the disorder can be extremely serious in some and less dramatic in others. This is determined by the cause of the disorder and how the person copes with it. There are several symptoms that clearly display this disorder and once again, it depends on the cause. There are four main signs to know that a person is dealing with PTSD. The first symptom of the disorder is reliving the event. Whatever frightening event occurred to cause the disorder can be relived over and over. These memories may come from nightmares or flashbacks. They are capable of occurring extremely often. However the flashbacks do not usually come about on their own. There is most likely something called a trigger that forces the person’s brain to relive the traumatic event. The person may see, hear, or smellShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1095 Words   |  5 Pagesin Catcher in the Rye Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is most commonly thought of as an illness men and women acquire from experiences while serving in the wars. Some do not even know what it is or how much it affects people s lives. In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger helps to convey what Post Traumatic Stress Disorder really is. PTSD is a curable condition triggered by a traumatic event with many types, causes, and symptoms displayed by Holden Caulfield. All of the people whoRead MoreHolden Caulfield Diagnosis from Catcher764 Words   |  4 PagesThis is the diagnosis for Mr. Holden Caulfield. Mr. Caulfield is a sixteen year old, white, male, whos residence is in New York City, New York. He has brown/gray hair and is about 6 foot. Caulfield is in high school and was recently expelled from Pencey Prep. After analyzing Caulfield, I have come to determine that he has Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD). Mr. Caulfield has multiple symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. After speaking with the patient and observing his actions, severalRead MoreExpressed And Blessed : Holden s Battle With Ptsd1363 Words   |  6 PagesMerriam Webster dictionary, post-traumatic stress disorder is defined as, â€Å"a mental condition that can affect a person who has had a very shocking or difficult experience and that is usually characterized by depression, anxiety, etc†(citataion). Unfortunately, many people struggle with this disorder every day which can cause them to become depressed and nervous, and in the worst cases, cause them to commit suicide. Throughout Catcher in the Rye, the main character, Holden Caulfield, struggles to live normallyRead MoreThe Mind Changing Disease : From Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1302 Words   |  6 PagesCatcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger the main character Holden Caulfield Shows Valid signs of suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. Ho lden exhibits PTSD Through his thought process and actions during his journey through New York City until the end of the novel. Holden without a doubt experiences a psychological journey and shows PTSD like symptoms from his departure at Pencey Prep till he ends up at a mental institution. Holden is burdened with this mental illness most likely by theRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1736 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, is a serious and sometimes terrifying condition that affects a small amount of people, but in a significantly large way. Those living with PTSD struggle daily to find peace within themselves to be able to heal properly and live a life as normal as possible. Holden Caulfield, from the novel Catcher in the Rye, is an instance of a teenager suffering with PTSD, trying to find his way out of the dark and into happiness. PTSD is a serious condition caused by severeRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1783 Words   |  8 PagesDealing with PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, otherwise known as PTSD, is a deadly condition in which a person’s brain cannot function properly after a traumatic event occurs. There are many unforgettable events that can start this long road of pain and confusion that sometime never ends. When terrorists bombed the Twin Towers on 9/11, this affected a ton of people. It left many shocked and horrified, not knowing what to do. Sometimes there will even be homeless veterans on the streets wanderingRead MoreHolden Caulfield Is On His Own Psychological Journey1450 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the novel of Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield is on his own psychological journey. This journey tells a lot about who Holden is as a person and the problems he is dealing with. It all starts when Holden has flunked out of Pencey Prep. His psychological struggles are triggered by the traumatic event of his brother, Allie, dying 4 years prior. The death of Allie has affected Holden in all aspects of his life, including friends, school, actions, and thoughts. This causes concern in Holden’sRead More Post-Traumatic Stress In Relation To Holden Caulfield Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pages Post-Traumatic Stress In Relation To Holden Caulfield Introduction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout life, an individual may endure emotionally and physically straining moments causing the person to become downhearted, and or irate. These feelings are normal, but may however become a problem when these feelings prohibit someone from living a ‘normal’ life. An estimated 5.2 million American adults ages 18 to 54, or approximately 3.6 percent of people in this age group in a given year, haveRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress in Relation to Holden Caulfield1181 Words   |  5 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress In Relation To Holden Caulfield Introduction Throughout life, an individual may endure emotionally and physically straining moments causing the person to become downhearted, and or irate. These feelings are normal, but may however become a problem when these feelings prohibit someone from living a ‘normal life. An estimated 5.2 million American adults ages 18 to 54, or approximately 3.6 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have PTSD (Narrow, Rae, Regier)Read MoreMental Analysis on Holden Caulfield in J.D. Salinger ´s The Catcher in the Rye824 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom a diagnosable mental disorder in any given year, and one in seventeen adults are suffering from mental disorders that can be considered serious, such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, panic disorder, and post traumatic stress disorders (Health Care Service Corporation) (The Numbers Count: Mental Disorders in America). J.D. Salinger’s novel, The Catcher in the Rye, provides the narr ative of a young adult, Holden Caulfield, who I believe shows many

The Varieties Of Capitalism The Institutional...

The varieties of capitalism approach, developed by Hall and Soskice in their influential work, ‘Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage’ emphasizes the notion that the manner in which firms sort out the coordination problems that they encounter, differs across political economies. They identify five broad realms in which firms must build relationships in order to solve the coordination issues which are vital to their core competencies. These five spheres include industrial relations, corporate governance, inter-firm relations, vocational training and education, and employees. Liberal Market Economies (LMEs) and Coordinated Market Economies (CMEs) can be viewed as the two prototypes representing the two ends of a continuum of national political economies. In LMEs, â€Å"†¦firms coordinate their activities primarily via hierarchies and competitive market arrangements. (†¦) Market relationships are characterized by the arm’s-length exchange of goods or services in a context of competition and formal contracting...† (Hall and Soskice, 2001, p8) On the other hand, in CMEs, â€Å"†¦ firms depend more heavily on non-market relationships to coordinate their endeavours with other actors and to construct their core competencies. These non-market modes of coordination generally entail more extensive relational or incomplete contracting, network monitoring based on the exchange of private information inside networks, and more reliance on collaborative, asShow MoreRelated Varieties of Capitalism Essay2378 Words   |  10 Pageshas become controversial. Various literatures on comparative institutional studies has been developed, in which the Varieties of Capitalism approach by Hall and Soskice (2001) is one of the most significant concepts that is being widely discussed. 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In addition, all enterprises should believe that failure to respond properly todayRead Moreâ€Å"Implicit† and â€Å"Explicit† Csr: a Conceptual Framework for a Comparative Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility13330 Words   |  54 PagesReview 2008, Vol. 33, No. 2, 404–424. â€Å"IMPLICIT† AND â€Å"EXPLICIT† CSR: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR A COMPARATIVE UNDERSTANDING OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DIRK MATTEN York University, Toronto JEREMY MOON University of Nottingham We address the question of how and why corporate social responsibility (CSR) differs among countries and how and why it changes. 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Darkness and Night Free Essays

Both Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost use elements such as point of view, imagery, and structure to portray the significance of dark and night in their poems. Although the poems differ in many ways they share a common theme of loneliness. They also use darkness as a symbol of their feelings. We will write a custom essay sample on Darkness and Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the two poems â€Å"We Grow Accustomed to the Night† and â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† the authors use figurative language, sentence fluency and rhythms, and their word choice to reflect their similar views on the darkness of night symbolizing life experiences everyone has to face throughout life. Emily Dickinson uses the structure to create elements of imagery, and describe an obstacle that everyone has to face. Dickinson uses dashes to represent pauses and makes it difficult to read to symbolize her difficult life. The dashes make the reader’s minds pause and understand what they are reading line by line. The dashes are used to effectively and deliberately make the reader reflect on the darkness. She also uses the dashes to create mental pictures. For example, she states â€Å"When not a Moon disclose a sign- Or Star- come out- within-† which creates the image of total darkness because of the lack of a moon and the stars. Dickinson writes her poem in first person so the average person can relate to her feelings. She understands the darkness to be something natural. Basically she uses the darkness to symbolize something everyone goes through. In her poem darkness describes the loss of a loved one. Unlike Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost doesn’t use dashes. Instead he emphasizes his complete isolation by using the first- person term â€Å"I† at the beginning of the first five lines of the poem. He uses the anaphora â€Å"I have†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to show he has become â€Å"Acquainted with the night† through different experiences. Throughout the poem the narrator is walking symbolizing persistence. This becomes a extended metaphor. It’s a long lonely walk at night that doesn’t seem to be easy, but he continues although he is unhappy. â€Å"I have stood still and stopped the sounds of feet† is an example of an alliteration he uses to create the sound of feet with the â€Å"st† sound. He continues to portray the narrator as a persistent and lonely. In conclusion, Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost use the darkness to symbolize life experiences. How to cite Darkness and Night, Papers

Review- Concept Of Cold War Arguments and Causes of War and Peace

Question: Writing in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Francis Fukuyama, John Mearsheimer, and Samuel Huntington reflected on the end of the Cold War and what this change might mean for world politics. Their arguments, provocative and controversial at the time, provide excellent examples of critical thinking and writing (but also give some insight into the weaknesses of different IR concepts and the dangers of attempting to predict the future). In reviewing these three important articles, you should: outline the articles key questions and central arguments; identify their underlying assumptions and key concepts; locate their place in the IR field (i.e. their theoretical and conceptual approaches) review the evidence they put forward to support their claims; and evaluate how well their arguments have explained the subsequent two decades of world politics Articles Under ReviewFukuyama, Francis. 1989. The End of History? Reproduced in Conflict after the Cold War: Arguments and Causes of War and Pea ce, 3rd ed., edited by Richard K. Betts, 617. New York: Pearson Longman, 2008. Mearsheimer, John J. 1990. Why We Will Soon Miss the Cold War. Atlantic 266 (2): 3542. Huntington, Samuel P. 1993. The Clash of Civilizations? Foreign Affairs 72 (3): 2249. Answer: Article Review and Analysis Introduction This study is based on the critical analysis of the articles written on the concept of cold war era by three eminent authors. The articles reviewed are The End of History? Reproduced in Conflict after the Cold War: Arguments and Causes of War and Peace by Francis Fukuyama (Betts 2008), Why We Will Soon Miss the Cold War by John J. Mearsheimer (Mearsheimer 1990) and The Clash of Civilizations? by Samuel P Huntington (Huntington 1993). As stated by Samuel Huntington, when the cold war was going on, it was observed that the world was split into three different worlds. Namely, the first, second and the third worlds. However, these divisions are not prevalent any more. In contemporary times, the countries are not grouped in accordance to the political or economic systems and are instead grouped according to their levels of culture and civilization. John J. Mearsheimer, on the other hand lays stress on the reasons on why people would actually miss the cold war after it has ended (Mearsheimer 1990). Finally the third author Francis Fukuyama bases his article on the question as to whether the end of the cold war meant the end of history. In this study the researcher examines and analyses the different aspects of the arguments put forward by the different scholars. Arguments and Assumptions Scholar Huntington discusses in this paper that when the cold war had began the Iron curtain had divided the country of Europe both in political as well as in ideological manner. When the Cold War ended this ideological division also disappeared and what emerged was the cultural division of Europe dividing it in Orthodox Christianity and Islam. The articles of Huntington make a framework on the future and divide the culture in the world into seven different and contemporary civilizations (Huntington 1993). These civilizations are Japanese, Slavic-Orthodox, Latin American, Confucian, Western, Hindu and Latin American (Burgan 2001). Additionally, he also judged that the country of Africa to be one such country that comprises of a possible civilization which depends on the development that this country has made in terms of consciousness. Most of the divisions made by Huntington were mainly keeping in mind the cultural and religious differences. The other controversial article by John J. Mearsheimer primarily states that after quite a number of years it might be so that people would consider the cold war period to be a long peace period instead. It was considered that the manner in which the military and the power of the government would be distributed and characterized would actually define the actual reasons behind war and peace. During the cold war it is known that the world was bipolar and according to the author there was peace during this period due to this bipolarity (Magesa 2001). The distribution of power as roughly divided into two parts and both the militaries were of a more or less capable size (von Soest and Wahman). Additionally both the super powers had very large nuclear weapon that could destroy countries. The controversial article on the end of history by Francis Fukuyama covered the issue that the end of the Cold War meant the end of world history. With the end of the Cold War the limits of the alternatives of the liberalism such as the concepts of the fascism or monarchy or communism fell all over in the internal disagreements. During these times capitalism and democracy won over the points of communism in order to achieve human ideology as well as institution. Critical Analysis of the different approaches of the authors The three articles even though have covered the same area of cold war the approach of the authors have been quite different. For instance the in the article by Fukuyama, the analysis can be divided into two folds. The first being the philosophical investigation done on human nature and the normal logic of Universal history and the second is the description given by the author of the world politics of the post cold war era. Nevertheless, it must also be noted that these two elements of philosophical and empirical and political elements have been so well mixed and that they blend with each other in such a manner that when these two elements are argued and conversed singularly they tend to act against each other (Matlock 2010). In this thesis by the author the extremely complex and artificial framework is brought forward along with other great scholars. The author Fukuyama also pledges on the idealism by scholar Hegel and moral philosophy by scholar Kant and finally argues that his writing is extremely idealistic and normative (Appelqvist 2008). Author Huntington in his article discusses that at the micro level, with regard to the ideological disagreements between the broadminded democracy and communism there are chances of a number of future conflicts that might occur in the borders between the civilizations. At the macro level he states that in future there might be clashes taking place between the different states having different civilizations in order to control the international institutions and for the economic and military powers (Wesscholar.wesleyan.edu 2010). The author further considers these future predictions on a mixture of the conflicts to be normal and further asserts that arrival of the nations states would actually be an event in the world that is dominated in most of the times by the conflicting histories between different civilizations. Nevertheless, this would rather be a doubtful consideration since these conflicts between two or more civilizations are primarily driven by the geographical and teh politi cal elements instead of the cultural differences and this can be stated as an equally influential method to view the history. The third author Mearsheimer in his article considers this cold war period to be a more peaceful period since this bipolar world demanded loyalty from the other minor powers which then can be secured from the other minor powers and they are also protected from any attack from the other rival major powers. He states that when there are a number of big powers and there exists a multi-polar system, it becomes difficult to avoid the powers since when irregularities between the powers the stronger powers can be extremely difficult to avoid. The bigger powers will get a chance to bully the weaker powers whereas in the bipolar system of world there will be no chance of such a thing (Olesen 2008) (Schlesinger 1992). Further in a multi-polar system it would be difficult to calculate the size and strength of the countries and would mainly be due to the reason that the international order would never be constant and would always be subject to changes. In order to determine the stability of the powers it is necessary to determine the size of the vacuum that exists between the military powers of the two leading countries. Huntington states that when the gaps are small it promotes peace and when there are larger gaps it tends to promote war. He further states that nuclear weapons would actually be more a powerful force for peace. The two decades of World Politics The author in his article The Clash of Civilizations seemed to have rejected the other author Fukuyamas article on end of history. This was primarily because according to Huntington Fukuyamas article was more of a delusion of harmony (Wesscholar.wesleyan.edu 2010). Huntington, on the other hand, considered with the end of the cold war the conflicts existing with the Western civilizations would also end and a new era of conflicts between civilizations would begin in return. Nevertheless, it must be noted that both the authors attempted to draw a historical implication from the result of the Cold War and also tried to figure out a huge theory of history. Considering the entire scenario, for Huntington the post cold war time was representing a watershed and for Fukuyama this view was tempered with different qualifications. Mearsheimer, who is usually called a realist but with offensive views held that international relations can be best conquered by the bipolar world as it will also avoid the indulgence with nuclear powers. Mearsheimer, further had predicted that with the end of the Cold War most probably the continent of Europe would again become a very unstable multi-polar system (Theatlantic.com 2015) (Saull 2013). In order to avoid this, the author suggested that there should be an increase in the nuclear proliferation in the continent (Theatlantic.com 2015). Mearsheimer, had also predicted that there would be some structural and powerful imperatives of the international systems. Conclusion For Huntington, the end of the Cold War era implies that there was a watershed in the history and for Fukuyama there tends to be shift in the patterns of international relations. However, it has been observed that as a result of the ambitions of these authors both the patterns have been criticized by most scholars and has also been generally misunderstood individually as well as when compared together. With regard to Mearsheimer, it must be noted that he did not study the Middle East and it may be understood that these authors were trying to solve a problem that was more or less imaginary. References Appelqvist, Orjan. 2008. 'Rediscovering Uncertainty: Early Attempts At A Pan-European Post-War Recovery'.Cold War History8 (3): 327-352. doi:10.1080/14682740802222130. Betts, Richard K. 2008. 'The End Of History? Reproduced In Conflict After The Cold War: Arguments And Causes Of War And Peace'.Muni. https://is.muni.cz/do/fss/57816/40125114/Betts_-_Conflict_After_the_Cold_War_1-167.pdf. Burgan, Michael. 2001.Cold War. Austin, TX: Raintree Steck-Vaughn. Clark, Ian. 2001.The Post Cold War Order. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Clark, Ian. 2001.The Post Cold War Order. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Huntington, Samuel P. 1993. 'The Clash Of Civilizations?'.Foreign Affairs72 (3): 2249. Magesa, Laurenti. 2001. 'Mission In The Post Cold War Era Considerations For The 21St Century'.Exchange30 (1): 197-217. doi:10.1163/157254301x00129. Matlock, Jack. 2010. '1989: The Struggle To Create Post-Cold War Europe'.Cold War History10 (4): 575-578. doi:10.1080/14682745.2010.513512. Mearsheimer, John J. 1990. 'Why We Will Soon Miss The Cold War'.Atlantic266 (2): 3542. Olesen, Thorsten. 2008. 'Under The National Paradigm: Cold War Studies And Cold War Politics In Post-Cold War Norden'.Cold War History8 (2): 189-211. doi:10.1080/14682740802018686. Saull, Richard. 2013. 'Constructing A PostWar Order: The Rise Of US Hegemony And The Origins Of The Cold War (London: I.B. Tauris, 2011), 327 Pp.'.Cold War History13 (4): 566-567. doi:10.1080/14682745.2013.849022. Schlesinger, James. 1992. 'Quest For A Post-Cold War Foreign Policy'.Foreign Affairs72 (1): 17. doi:10.2307/20045494. Theatlantic.com,. 2015. 'Why We Will Soon Miss The Cold War - 90.08'. Accessed February 25. https://www.theatlantic.com/past/politics/foreign/mearsh.htm. von Soest, Christian, and Michael Wahman. 'Sanctions And Democratization In The Post-Cold War Era'.SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2206849. Wesscholar.wesleyan.edu,. 2010. 'Revisiting Fukuyama: The End Of History, The Clash Of Civilizations, And The Age Of Empire'. https://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1405context=etd_hon_theses.